Ruby語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)教程pdf最新整理版【免費(fèi)版】

本節(jié)內(nèi)容東坡小編為大家整理帶來(lái)的是一份pdf格式最新整理版且內(nèi)容完整免費(fèi)的Ruby教程——準(zhǔn)確一點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，應(yīng)該是Ruby語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)教程，該教程共有134頁(yè)，詳細(xì)介紹了Ruby的歷史、Ruby名字的由來(lái)、Ruby的安裝等相關(guān)內(nèi)容，是一份非常不錯(cuò)的ruby教程，有需要的朋友們可千萬(wàn)不要錯(cuò)過(guò)哦！

Ruby語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)教程目錄

第一部分 Ruby 語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ) ....................................................... 8

第一章  Ruby 語(yǔ)言概述 .......................................................... 8

§1.1 Ruby 的歷史 ....................................................................... 8

§1.2 Ruby 名字的由來(lái) ................................................................... 8

§1.3 Ruby 的特點(diǎn) ....................................................................... 8

§1.4 Ruby 和 Python 的比較 ............................................................... 9

第二章  Ruby 編程環(huán)境 .......................................................... 9

§2.1 Ruby 的安裝 ...................................................................... 9

§2.1.1 在 Windows 95/98/Me/XP 上安裝 Ruby ........................................... 9

§2.1.2 在 Linux 上安裝 Ruby ........................................................ 10

§2.2 運(yùn)行 Ruby ....................................................................... 10

§2.2.1 使用 Ruby ................................................................. 10

§2.2.2 使用 FreeRIDE 和 SciTE ...................................................... 12

§2.2.3 使用 fxri ................................................................. 13

§2.3 Ruby-irb ........................................................................ 14

§2.4 Ruby-ri ......................................................................... 15

§2.5 RubyGems ........................................................................ 16

類(lèi)與對(duì)象 ..................................................................... 17

§3.1 類(lèi)的定義 ......................................................................... 17

§3.2 對(duì)象，屬性和方法 ................................................................. 18

§3.3 繼承 ............................................................................. 21

§3.4 特殊方法與特殊類(lèi) ................................................................. 23

§3.5 類(lèi)變量與類(lèi)方法 ................................................................... 24

§3.4 存取控制 ......................................................................... 25

§3.6 元類(lèi) ............................................................................. 27

§3.7 Ruby 的動(dòng)態(tài)性 .................................................................... 28

§3.8 變量 ............................................................................. 29

§3.8.1 局部變量 ................................................................... 29

§3.8.2 實(shí)例變量 ................................................................... 30

§3.8.3 類(lèi)變量 ..................................................................... 30

§3.8.4 全局變量 ................................................................... 31

§3.8.5 常量 ....................................................................... 31

§3.8 與定義有關(guān)的操作 ................................................................. 32

§3.8.1 alias ...................................................................... 32

§3.8.2 undef ...................................................................... 33

§3.8.3 defined? ................................................................... 34

第四章 基本類(lèi)型 .............................................................. 37

§4.1 Array ............................................................................ 37

§4.2 Hash ............................................................................. 38

§4.3 Number ........................................................................... 39

§4.4 String ........................................................................... 40

§4.5 Range ............................................................................ 41

§4.6 Symbol ........................................................................... 42

§4.7 正則表達(dá)式 ....................................................................... 43

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第五章 代碼塊和迭代器 ........................................................ 44

§5.1 代碼塊 (Block) .................................................................... 44

§5.1.1  什么是代碼塊 ................................................................ 44

§5.1.2  代碼塊與對(duì)象 ................................................................ 44

§5.2 迭代器 (Iterator) ................................................................. 46

§5.2.1  什么是迭代器 ................................................................ 46

§5.2.2  使用迭代器 .................................................................. 46

§5.2.3 yield ....................................................................... 47

§5.2.4  編寫(xiě)自己的迭代器 ............................................................ 48

第六章 表達(dá)式 ................................................................ 49

§6.1 運(yùn)算符 ........................................................................... 49

§6.2 命令替換 ......................................................................... 51

§6.3 賦值運(yùn)算符 ....................................................................... 51

§6.4 并行賦值 ......................................................................... 53

§6.5 嵌套賦值 ......................................................................... 54

§6.6 其他賦值 ......................................................................... 54

§6.7 條件運(yùn)算 ......................................................................... 54

§6.8 case 表達(dá)式 ...................................................................... 56

§6.9 循環(huán) ............................................................................. 57

§6.9.1 Loop ........................................................................ 57

§6.9.2 While ....................................................................... 58

§6.9.3 Until ....................................................................... 58

§6.9.4 Iterator .................................................................... 58

§6.9.5 For..In ..................................................................... 59

§6.9.6 Break ， Redo ， Next ........................................................... 59

§6.9.7 Retry ....................................................................... 62

第七章 方法 .................................................................. 63

§7.1  運(yùn)算符重定義 .................................................................. 65

§7.2  變長(zhǎng)參數(shù) ...................................................................... 65

§7.3  塊調(diào)用 ........................................................................ 66

§7.4  方法返回值 .................................................................... 67

第八章 模塊 .................................................................. 69

§8.1 名字空間 ......................................................................... 69

§8.2 mixin ............................................................................ 70

§8.3 使用 mixin ....................................................................... 71

§8.3.1 Comparable ................................................................. 71

§8.3.2 Enumerable ................................................................. 72

§8.3.3 Singleton .................................................................. 73

§8.4 Require, load 和 include .......................................................... 74

異常 75

§9.1  異常處理 .......................................................................... 75

§9.2  定義異常類(lèi) ........................................................................ 80

§9.3 catch 和 throw ..................................................................... 80

多任務(wù)處理 ................................................................... 81

§10.1 多線(xiàn)程處理 ...................................................................... 82

§10.1.1 線(xiàn)程創(chuàng)建 .................................................................. 82

§10.1.2 線(xiàn)程操作 .................................................................. 83

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§10.1.3 線(xiàn)程和異常 ................................................................ 84

§10.1.4 線(xiàn)程調(diào)度 .................................................................. 86

§10.1.5 線(xiàn)程同步 .................................................................. 87

§10.2 多進(jìn)程處理 ...................................................................... 93

§10.2.1 進(jìn)程創(chuàng)建 .................................................................. 94

基本 I/O 操作 ................................................................. 95

§11.1  使用 Kernel 模塊處理 I/O 操作 ...................................................... 95

§11.2 文件處理 ......................................................................... 95

§11.3 StringIO ......................................................................... 96

§11.4 Socket ........................................................................... 97

第十二章 反射和對(duì)象空間 ...................................................... 98

§12.1 ObjectSpace 模塊 ................................................................ 98

§12.2 察看類(lèi)和對(duì)象的狀態(tài) .............................................................. 99

§12.3 動(dòng)態(tài)方法調(diào)用 ................................................................... 102

§12.3.1 使用 send 方法 ............................................................ 102

§12.3.2 使用 Method 類(lèi)和 UnboundMethod 類(lèi) .......................................... 103

§12.3.3 使用 eval 方法 ............................................................ 104

§12.3.4 性能 ..................................................................... 105

§12.4 Hook 和回調(diào)方法 ................................................................ 106

§12.4.1 什么是 Hook .............................................................. 106

§12.4.2 Ruby 中的 Hook ............................................................ 106

§11.4.2 回調(diào)方法 ................................................................. 107

§12.5 跟蹤程序的運(yùn)行 ................................................................. 108

§12.5.1 set_trace_func ........................................................... 108

§12.5.2 trace_var ................................................................ 109

§12.5.3 caller ................................................................... 109

§12.5.3 __FILE__,__LINE__ 和 SCRIPT_LINES__ ........................................ 109

第十三章 序列化和 YAML ...................................................... 110

§13.1 序列化的概念 ................................................................... 110

§13.2 使用序列化 ..................................................................... 110

§13.2.1 二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)保存 ........................................................... 110

§13.2.2 YAML 數(shù)據(jù)保存 ............................................................ 111

§13.3 定制序列化 ..................................................................... 112

§13.3.1 二進(jìn)制數(shù)據(jù)保存 ........................................................... 112

§13.3.2 YAML 數(shù)據(jù)保存 ............................................................ 113

§13.3 YAML ........................................................................... 114

§13.3.1 集合類(lèi)型 ................................................................. 115

§13.3.2 單行集合類(lèi)型 ............................................................. 118

§13.3.3 基本類(lèi)型 ................................................................. 118

§13.3.4 塊 ....................................................................... 119

§13.3.5 別名和錨（ Aliases and Anchors ） .......................................... 119

§13.3.6 文檔 ..................................................................... 119

§13.3.7 Ruby 中 YAML 的使用 ........................................................ 119

第十四章 安全控制 ........................................................... 120

§14.1 0 級(jí) ........................................................................... 121

§14.1 1 級(jí) ........................................................................... 121

§14.2 2 級(jí) ........................................................................... 121

5

§14.3 3 級(jí) ........................................................................... 121

§14.4 4 級(jí) ........................................................................... 121

第十五章 單元測(cè)試 ........................................................... 122

§15.1 什么是單元測(cè)試 ................................................................. 122

§15.2 Ruby 單元測(cè)試框架 .............................................................. 122

第二部分 內(nèi)置類(lèi)與模塊 ...................................................... 122

第一章 內(nèi)置類(lèi) ............................................................... 122

§1.1 Array ............................................................................ 122

§1.2 Bignum ........................................................................... 123

§1.3 Binding .......................................................................... 123

§1.4 Class ............................................................................ 123

§1.5 Continuation ..................................................................... 123

§1.6 Dir .............................................................................. 125

§1.7 Exception ........................................................................ 125

§1.8 FalseClass ....................................................................... 125

§1.9 File ............................................................................. 125

§1.10 File::Stat ...................................................................... 125

§1.11 Fixnum .......................................................................... 125

§1.12 Float ........................................................................... 125

§1.13 Hash ............................................................................ 125

§1.14 Integer ......................................................................... 125

§1.15 IO .............................................................................. 125

§1.16 MatchData ....................................................................... 125

§1.17 Method .......................................................................... 125

§1.18 Module .......................................................................... 125

§1.19 NilClass ........................................................................ 126

§1.20 Numeric ......................................................................... 126

§1.21 Object .......................................................................... 126

§1.22 Proc ............................................................................ 126

§1.23 Process::Status ................................................................. 126

§1.24 Range ........................................................................... 126

§1.25 Regexp .......................................................................... 126

§1.26 String .......................................................................... 126

§1.27 Struct .......................................................................... 126

§1.28 Struct::Tms ..................................................................... 126

§1.29 Symbol .......................................................................... 126

§1.30 Thread .......................................................................... 126

§1.31 ThreadGroup ..................................................................... 126

§1.32 Time ............................................................................ 127

§1.33 TrueClass ....................................................................... 127

§1.34 UnboundMethod ................................................................... 127

第二章 內(nèi)置模塊 ............................................................. 128

§2.1 Comparable ....................................................................... 128

§2.2 Enumerable ....................................................................... 128

§2.3 Error ............................................................................ 128

§2.4 FileTest ......................................................................... 128

§2.5 GC ............................................................................... 128

6

§2.6 Kernel ........................................................................... 128

§2.7 Marshal .......................................................................... 128

§2.8 Math ............................................................................. 128

§2.9 ObjectSpace ...................................................................... 128

§2.10 Process ......................................................................... 128

§2.11 Process ：： GID .................................................................. 128

§2.12 Process ：： Sys .................................................................. 128

§2.13 Process ：： UID .................................................................. 129

§2.14 Signal .......................................................................... 129

第三部分 Ruby 語(yǔ)言總結(jié) ..................................................... 130

附錄 134

§1 術(shù)語(yǔ)對(duì)照 .......................................................................... 134

Ruby語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)教程內(nèi)容截圖