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ZABBIX使用手冊(cè) -----運(yùn)用 zabbix構(gòu)建企業(yè)大型監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)
1. 文檔信息.................................................................................................................. 4
2. 聲明:.................................................................................................................... 4
3. Zabbix 簡(jiǎn)介..............................................................................................................5
3.1 Zabbix 功能.............................................................................................................. 6
3.2 優(yōu)劣勢(shì).....................................................................................................................7
4. 安裝部署.................................................................................................................. 8
4.1 服務(wù)端安裝 lamp 環(huán)境。................................................................................................... 8
4.2 服務(wù)端配置 lamp 使用環(huán)境............................................................................................... 8
4.3 服務(wù)端 server 的安裝過(guò)程..................................................................................................9
4.3.1安裝 zabbix 服務(wù)端................................................................................................... 9
4.3.2添加 zabbix 到系統(tǒng)服務(wù)文件................................................................................. 11
4.3.3導(dǎo)入 zabbix 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(此處采用 mysql 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)).................................................11
4.3.4拷貝 service 啟動(dòng)腳本............................................................................................ 12
4.3.5配置 zabbix_server.conf服務(wù)端文件.................................................................... 12
4.3.7拷貝網(wǎng)頁(yè)文件到 apache目錄................................................................................ 15
4.3.8 設(shè)置 zabbix 開(kāi)機(jī)啟動(dòng)............................................................................................15
4.4 通過(guò) web 頁(yè)面配置 zabbix............................................................................................... 15
4.5 客戶(hù)端 agentd 的安裝過(guò)程...............................................................................................19
4.5.1 linux服務(wù)器客戶(hù)端的安裝.................................................................................... 19
4.5.1.1snmp 監(jiān)控方式...................................................................................................... 20
4.5.2 windows 客戶(hù)端的安裝.......................................................................................... 21
5. Zabbix 的配置使用.....................................................................................................24
5.1 Zabbix 支持的監(jiān)控方式類(lèi)型............................................................................................ 24
5.2 一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子--添加 Hosts,并應(yīng)用模板................................................................. 24
5.3 如何自定義監(jiān)控....................................................................................................28
5.2.1,key 的創(chuàng)建............................................................................................................28
5.2.2,web 頁(yè)面創(chuàng)建模板...............................................................................................30
5.4 如何自定義 key.....................................................................................................34
5.5 添加 Items.......................................................................................................35
5.6 添加 Triggers...................................................................................................... 37
5.6.1如何配置 Triggers................................................................................................... 37
5.6.2觸發(fā)器的表達(dá)式......................................................................................................38
5.7 添加 Actions.........................................................................................................48
5.8 添加 Medias..............................................................................................................49
5.9 添加 Users................................................................................................................49
5.10 添加 WEB Monitorings..................................................................................................52
5.11 添加 Graphs....................................................................................................................56
5.12 添加 Screens...................................................................................................................57
5.13 添加 Maps.......................................................................................................................60
5.14 添加 MySQL 監(jiān)控......................................................................................................... 62
5.15 添加 SNMP 監(jiān)控........................................................................................................... 62
5.16 添加自定義監(jiān)控............................................................................................................. 62
5.17 添加 Templates............................................................................................................... 66
5.18 添加 Reports(定制報(bào)表)............................................................................................67
5.19 添加 Macros.................................................................................................................... 69
5.20 添加自動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備......................................................................................................... 69
5.21 添加 Inventory.................................................................................................................70
5.22 Export/Import XML..........................................................................................................70
5.23 Maintenance(維護(hù)時(shí)間)..............................................................................................71
5.24 Proxy 的使用....................................................................................................................73
5.25 創(chuàng)建 zabbix 的報(bào)警(以 postfix 為例子).........................................................................75
5.22.1創(chuàng)建 meida types................................................................................................... 76
5.22.2創(chuàng)建 actions........................................................................................................... 77
5.22.3 zabbix 用戶(hù)配置.................................................................................................... 79
5.26 創(chuàng)建腳本報(bào)警(以 mail.py 為例).................................................................................... 81
5.27 如何有效的設(shè)置監(jiān)控報(bào)警............................................................................................. 84
5.27.1基于業(yè)務(wù)類(lèi)型........................................................................................................85
5.27.2基于故障級(jí)別........................................................................................................87
5.27.3基于時(shí)間發(fā)送........................................................................................................89
5.27.4故障依賴(lài)關(guān)系........................................................................................................89
5.27.5故障處理自動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)程命令........................................................................................89
5.28 一些使用的技巧............................................................................................................. 89
5.28.1監(jiān)控項(xiàng)的使用技巧................................................................................................89
5.28.2觸發(fā)器的使用技巧................................................................................................90
5.28.3定義全局變量的使用技巧....................................................................................91
5.28.4 Snmp 團(tuán)組名的設(shè)置............................................................................................. 91
5.28.5中文語(yǔ)言顯示以及中文字體亂碼解決方法....................................................... 91
5.29 Zabbix 的 4 種監(jiān)控方式概述..........................................................................................92
5.30 zabbix_監(jiān)控方式之一--agentd........................................................................................ 94
5.31 zabbix_監(jiān)控方式之二---SNMP.......................................................................................94
5.32 zabbix_監(jiān)控方式之四---IPMI......................................................................................... 94
5.33 zabbix_監(jiān)控方式之四---JMX..........................................................................................97
6. Zabbix 的高級(jí)使用-之自動(dòng)化功能.............................................................................................99
6.1 自動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)添加主機(jī)............................................................................................................99
4.1.1創(chuàng)建自動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)規(guī)則..................................................................................................99
6.1創(chuàng)建自動(dòng)添加到相應(yīng)模板規(guī)則.......................................................................................100
6.2 通過(guò) low-level discovery 發(fā)現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)控............................................................... 102
6.2.1 zabbix 客戶(hù)端配置................................................................................................ 103
6.2.2自動(dòng)發(fā)現(xiàn)腳本編寫(xiě)................................................................................................103
6.2.3自定義 key 配置文件............................................................................................105
6.2.4 web頁(yè)面添加 low-level discovery....................................................................... 106
7. zabbix 性能優(yōu)化......................................................................................................................... 109
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